《应用英文》浅谈美国教育特色(三)怀中July 31, 2011 05:59 AM | 2004 次 | 0| 5
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There are many opportunities for education at different levels in the U.S.; you'll never be too old to learn unless you allow yourself to fall through the cracks.在美国有不同层次的教育机会；活到老，学到老，除非你自己不利用学习机会。
(to fall through the cracks = fail to take educational opportunity)
Pressure-cooker exams and fast-track education systems are less common in the U.S. than in China.
压力重重的考试和取得快速成功的教育制度，在美国不如在中国普遍。
(pressure-cooker本是高压锅；这里指学生、学校和社会的多重压力；fast-track是用多种方式，取得快速进入大学)
To know how well a person can interact with others, American schools generally use a certain model for personality assessment.
为要了解个人与他人间互动的情形，美国学校通常使用某种模式，做为个性的评估。
(personality人格，个性；assessment估计，评价)
(多半学校是用Myers-Briggs model)
The top goal for American education is to train students to be honest, to obey the law and to stand united with the interest of the country.
美国教育最高目标是要训练学生为人诚实，奉公守法，且为国家利益团结一致。
Even though some students are considered at risk of educational failure because of poor grades, truancy, disruptive behavior and suspensions, American teachers will not give up on them.
即使一些学生成绩差，有逃学、捣乱行为和遭暂令停学，处于教导失败的危险，但美国教师对他们不会放弃。
American students are always encouraged to learn from real-life experiences beyond what they can get at school.
美国学生常常被鼓励去学习超过学校所学之外的实际生活经验。
As students are the future of the U.S., Americans always protect all aspects of general education.
由于学生是美国的未来，老美保护各方面的普通教育。
In primary and middle schools, children are taught to be well mannered, to help others, to be honest and unselfish.
在中、小学里，孩子学习有礼貌，帮助他人，诚实和不自私。
During high school years students are encouraged to serve the community, to participate in charitable activities and to be patriotic.
高中阶段鼓励学生为社区服务，参加公益活动和具有爱国心。
American high schoolers usually do not want to be told what they should do in the future; they would rather decide for themselves.
美国高中生通常不要别人告诉他们将来应该做什么；他们要自己作决定。
Students are taught to act more rationally rather than emotionally under any unpleasant situation.
教导学生们不论在任何不愉快的情况下，都要理智不可激动。
Teachers' vision is to encourage students to develop their interests and abilities to the full potential.
老师的视野就是鼓励学生发挥兴趣与才能，充分展示潜力。
The U.S. Education places a special emphasis on students being well-rounded.
美国教育特别重视学生具有多方面的能力。
Every high school student's personal file is so important that any bad record such as cheating, may hinder his/her entering college.
每位高中生的个人档案十分重要，如有不良纪录，如作弊，就会影响他或她升大学的可能。
Teachers encourage students to be good listeners, but to ask thoughtful questions on appropriate occasions.
老师鼓励学生成为虚心听取意见的人，但在适当场合中，可发问考虑周到的问题。
At age of 16, Americans let their children work as fast-food servers or baby-sitters, etc. in order to understand the value of money and reality of life.
孩子16岁时老美就让他们在快餐馆打工或为人看小孩等等，使他们了解金钱的价值和现实的生活。
Mort American parents will cut the cord and expect their children to be independent and make a living on their own when they graduate from high school.
多半美国父母当儿女高中毕业时，将会切断感情约束，期盼他们独立自主，自谋生计。
Americans do not teach students to worship great individuals, dead or live; but to respect their contributions and services to the country.
老美不教学生崇拜已故或生存的伟人，只是对他们为国贡献和服务的敬佩。
As learning programs cannot be one-size-fits-all, no program will ever be the panacea for all students.
由于学习计划不能「一个尺码适合一切」，没有计划是全体学生的灵丹妙药。
One of the most difficult tasks facing today's teachers is motivating students to learn.
今天面对老师最困难的任务之一就是激起学生积极性的学习。
Read more: 世界新闻网-北美华文新闻、华商信息 - 《应用英文》浅谈美国教育特色 三
2011/8/3 Kasia Hu <hometown.kasia@gmail.com>《应用英文》浅谈美国教育特色(二)怀中July 24, 2011 05:59 AM | 4042 次 | 0Many Americans feel that over-praising a child can have the oppositive of the desired effect.许多老美认为过份夸奖孩子会适得其反。
American teachers and parents pay much attention to children's character development and daily-life education.
美国老师和父母非常重视孩子的性格发展和日常生活教育。
One of the purposes of American education is to provide everyone with the opportunity to learn how best he/she may serve the country.
美国教育目的之一就是要提供每个人机会学习如何最好服务于国家。
Americans put more emphasis on the three Rs in elementary education.
老美重视小学教育里三个基本技能：阅读、作文和算术。
(three Rs = reading, writing and arithmetic = three basic skills)
Home schooling and home-schoolers have increased; many parents wonder if their children should be home-schooled.
在家上学和在家上课学生已有增加；许多父母不晓得是否应该让孩子在家上学。
(Home schooling 是指一些老美认为目前正式学校不「理想」，所以把孩子留在家里上课，由父母自己担任多种课程的教学。而后参加考试，取得毕业文凭。)
Many American feel that straight A's in school are only a part of children's education.
许多老美认为在校全A成绩，只是儿童教育的一部分。
Serving society, helping others and obeying the laws have always been major parts of American general education.
服务社会、帮助他人和遵守法律，一向是美国一般教育的主要部分。
The value and beliefs of the parents and teachers about education have a tremendous impact on students.
父母和老师的教育价值与信念，对学生有极大的影响。
Teachers always teach children that it is our differences that make each of us special and unique.
老师常教导孩子，由于我们的不同而使大家感到特别和杰出。
Children are taught to treat everyone with respect regardless of skin-color or appearance.
孩子被教导要尊重每个人，不能以肤色和外貌取人。
With a strong sense of self-reliance, American parents generally do not expect anything in return from their adult children.
由于高度自力更生的思想，美国父母一般不期待成年儿女有任何的回报。
In order for children to see the real-world themselves, schools encourage them to join field trips to different places and organizations.
为了让孩子亲身体验人生，学校鼓励他们到不同地方和机构做实地考查。
As Americans often emphasize independence, more youngsters tend to be more individualistic toward society.
因为老美时常强调独立自主，使许多年轻人社会态度趋向于个人主义。
To respect personal privacy, schools do not publicize students grades.
为了尊重个人隐私权，学校不公布学生成绩。
Many Americans believe that a person's grades in school are not an accurate predictor of future professional ability.
许多老美相信一个人的学业成绩不能准确预测将来的专业能力。
American teachers try to treat every student with respect; they will not let a few super-smart students upstage the ordinary ones.
美国老师尽量尊重每位学生；他们不让少数超聪明学生趾高气扬，轻视普通学生。
Americans seldom use the word “genius” to describe students with high intelligence.
老美极少用「天才」字眼去形容高智能的学生。
How to get along with other people and how to work as a team player have become an important part of American general education.
如何与他人相处和彼此通力合作，成为美国一般教育的重要部分。
It seems odd to the Chinese that American special education includes gifted/talented students and physical/mental handicapped ones; they are all called “exceptional students.”
对老中也许奇怪的是，美国特别教育包括资优学生和身智障碍学生；他们统称为「特殊学生」。
(exceptional这个字，含有 high side和low side两方面，比较好听，人们可以接受的字眼)
In order to strengthen the mainstream and to water down superiority, some American schools no longer name the top students for graduation, such as valedictorian and salutatorian.
为了加强身障和正常学生融合一起以及冲淡优越感，美国一些中学也把毕业的第一、二名取消了。
(mainstream是把身障学生转入正规班级)
American educational systems do not encourage rote learning and neglect creative thinking.
美国教育制度不鼓励死记硬背的学习方式，也不忽视创造性的思考。
Read more: 世界新闻网-北美华文新闻、华商信息 - 《应用英文》浅谈美国教育特色 二
2011/8/3 Kasia Hu <hometown.kasia@gmail.com>《应用英文》浅谈美国教育特色(一)怀中July 17, 2011 05:59 AM | 4425 次 | 0老美教育的特色大致有以下几点：(1)不论智能高低，都要以各种不同的教育方式，把每个人训练成守法、文明以及对社会有用的国民，尽量不埋没任何专才。
(2)自小培养孩子诚实、合群、共享、礼貌的性格。
(3)挑选优秀青年，不仅仅以考试成绩为主，而是包括品德修养、热心服务、爱好体育和有领导潜力者。
(4)重视每一个专业，使人人发挥才智，彼此尊重合作，为社会服务。
(5)提高各行业的敬业精神，消除职业贵贱之分。
以下我以简短的句子，客观地表达美国一般教育和高等教育的目前实况，也许可看出一些中美人民对教育价值观的不同。
A.一般教育(general education)：
包括家庭教育和中、小学教育。
American parents train their children from a very early age to have good manners, to do household chores and to say the right things to others.
美国父母从小训练孩子有好行为，学做家事，对别人不说错话。
It is the responsibility of parents to cultivate their children to be law-abiding members of society.
父母有责任把他们儿女薰陶成社会守法的一员。
Most American parents realize that their children are not personal property; instead, they raise their children to be responsible individuals.
多半老美父母不把他们的儿女当作私人财产，而是要把孩子培养成有责任感的人。
Character education normally begins in the family often by the good examples parents set in daily life.
品德教育通常从家庭开始，常常是父母在每天生活中树立良好的典范。
Parents always are careful about their children's self-esteem; they try not to insult or belittle their kids.
父母常常注意他们孩子的自尊心；他们不侮辱或小看他们的小孩。
Whenever and wherever their children participate in any activities, such as sports, parents are always enthusiastically supportive.
不论何时何处，他们孩子参加任何活动，诸如体育，父母都会热心的支持。
When children see their parents bend the rules, they grow up thinking that is normal.
当孩子看到他们父母不守法规，将来长大时，就认为是正常的。
(to bend the rules不遵守法规；bend的动词时态是bent, 或bended)
Americans feel that what we do to children, they will do to society.
美国人认为我们对孩子做什么，他们也会对社会做什么。
American parents as well as teachers do not practice “spare-the-rod-spoil-the-child”; they rather use persuasion, time-out or grounding as punishment.
老美父母和老师对孩子不用「不打不成器」的方式；他们宁可用说服，暂时不准游玩，或短时不准外出，作为处分。
Educators feel that there is a difference between spanking and beating. It is unlawful to abuse your children by beating.
教育人员认为轻打孩子屁股和重打受伤不同；重打你的孩子是违法的。
(spank是指用手掌打屁股，不会受伤；beat是锤打，会受伤)
From childhood, kids are always taught how to get along with other kids and share with one another.
从幼年开始，孩子常被教导如何与人相处和彼此分享。
Parents encourage children to fully express themselves without hurting others' feelings.
父母鼓励孩子充分表达自己，但不伤害别人感情。
Americans start to cultivate inter-personal relations from an early age, hoping the children become more civilized citizens.
老美自幼童开始培育人际关系，盼望孩子成为有教养的国民。
American parents generally do not ask their children to show off artistic talents in the presence of friends.
美国父母通常不叫他们孩子在亲友面前炫耀才艺。
Some Americans think excessive homework for children may be counterproductive.
有的老美认为给孩子太多的家庭作业，可能产生相反效果。
At kindergarten kids learn low to line up, how to obey teacher's instructions and how to be well behaved in general.
在幼儿园，孩子学习怎样排队，怎样服从老师教导，而且学习一般良好行为。
American parents try to improve themselves in order that they can improve their children.
美国父母想法改善自己，以便改善他们的孩子。
Good reading habits learned early in childhood will pay lifetime dividends; parents need to find age-appropriate books that will pique their children's interests.
幼年时期学习良好阅读习惯对一生都有好处；父母应该找些适合年龄的书籍激发孩子的兴趣。
It is not desirable for American parents to brag publicly about their children's good grades in school.
美国父母不爱在大众面前吹嘘他们孩子在校的好成绩。
Read more: 世界新闻网-北美华文新闻、华商信息 - 《应用英文》浅谈美国教育特色 一
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